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并行计算机体系结构 英文第2版（美）勒斯（CullerD.E.）等
内容提要：
当今并行计算机体系结构最令人振奋的发展是对传统的相互各异的并行实现方式的完美综合。本书正是以此技术为背景，通过大量的实例，精确的数据和作者对并行结构深邃的理解向人们提示了蕴藏于并行体系结构中的强大力量，并同时首次对设计的平衡性能做了充分的定量评估。本书用硬件、软件方面的最新技术对并行结构设计中的若干重大问题做了全面、深刻的追踪探讨。本书是诸多专家智慧的结晶、经验的融合，是广大学生、科研人员、工程人员的权威教材，也是奉献于并行结构科学的经典之作。
目录：
Contents
Foreword
Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Why Parallel Architecture
1.2 Convergence of Parallel Architectures
1.3 Fundamental Design Issues
1.4 Concluding Remarks
1.5 Historical Refernces
1.6 Exercises
2 Parallel Programs
2.1 parallel Application Case Studies
2.2 The Parallelization Process
2.3 Paralleliation of an Example Program
2.4Concluding Remarks
2.5 Exercises
3 Programming for Performance
3.1 Partitioning for Performance
3.2 Data Access and Communication in a Multimemory System
3.3 Orchestration for Performance
3.4 Performance Factors from the Processor's Perspective
3.5 The Parallel Application Case Studies:An In-Depth Look
3.6 Implications for Programming Models
3.7 Concluding Reamarks
3.8 Exercises
4 Workload-Driven Evaluation
4.1 Scaling Workloads and Machines
4.2 Evaluating a Real Machine
4.3 Evaluating an Architectural Idea or Trade-off
4.4 Illustrating Workload Characterization
4.5 Concluding Remarks
4.6 Exercises
5 Shared Memory Multiprocessors
5.1 Cache Coherence
5.2 Memory consistency
5.3 Design Space for Snooping Protocols
5.4 Assessing Protocol Design Trade-offs
5.5 Synchronization
5.6 Implications for Software
5.7 Concluding Remarks
5.8 Exercises
6 Snoop-Based Multiprocessor Design
6.1 Correctness Requirements
6.2 Base Design :simgle-Level Caches with an Atomic Bus
6.3 Multilevel Cache Hierarchies
6.4 Split-Transaction Bus
6.5 Case Studies :SGI Challenge and Sun Enterprise
6.6 Extending Cache Coherence
6.7 Concluding Remarks
6.8 Exercises
7 Scalable Multiprocessors
7.1 Scalability
7.2 Realizing Programming Models
7.3 Physical DMA
7.4 User-Level Access
7.5 Dedicated Message Processing
7.6 Shared Physical Address Space
7.7 Clusters and Networks of Workstatiomns
7.8 Implications for Parallel Software
7.9 Synchronization
7.10 Concluding Remarks
7.11 Exercises
8 Directory-Based Cache Coherence
8.1 Scalable Cache Coherence
8.2 Overview of Directory-Based Approaches
8.3 Assessing Directory Protocols and Trade-Offs
8.4 Design Challenges for Directory Protocols
8.5 Memory-Based Directory Protocols:The SGI Origin System
8.6 Cache-Based Directory Protocols:The Sequent NUMA-Q
8.7 Performacne Parameters and Protocol Performacne
8.8 Synchronization
8.9 Implications for Parallel software
8.10 Advanced topics
8.11 Concluding Remarks
8.12 Exercises
9 Haradware/Software Trade-Offs
9.1 Relaxed Memory Consistency Models
9.2 Overcoming Capacity Limitations
9.3 Reducing Hardware Cost
9.4 Putting It All Together:Ataxonomy and Simple COMA
9.5 Implications for Parallel Software
9.6 Advanced topics
9.7 Concluding Remarks
9.8 Exercises
10 Interconnection Network Design
10.1 Basic Definitions
10.2 Basic Communication Performance
10.3 Organizational Structure
10.4 Interconnection Topologies
10.5 Evaluating Design Trade-Offs in Network Topology
10.6 Routing
10.7 Switch Design
10.8 Flow Control
10.9 Case Studies
10.10 Concluding Remarks
10.11 Exercises
11 Latency Tolerance
11.1 Overview of Latency tolerance
11.2 Latency Tolerance in Explicit message Passing
11.3 latency Tolerance in a Shared Address Space
11.4 Block Data TRansfer in a Shared Address Space
11.5 Proceeding Past Long-Latency Events
11.6 Precommunication in a Shared Address Space
11.7 Multithreading in a Shared Address Space
11.8 Lockup-Free Cache Design
11.9 Concluding Remarks
11.10 Exercises
12 Future Directions
12.1 Technology and Architecture
12.2 Applications and System Software
Appendix:Parallel Benchmark Suites
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